萘啶酸
货号:
B1676918
CAS 编号:
389-08-2
分子量:
232.23 g/mol
InChI 键:
MHWLWQUZZRMNGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
注意:
仅供研究使用。不适用于人类或兽医用途。
概述
描述
- 萘啶酸，也称为其商品名尼格拉蒙、奈格拉姆、温托米隆和 WIN 18,320，是第一种合成的喹诺酮类抗生素。
- 从技术上讲，它属于萘啶酮类，而不是喹诺酮类。 它的环状结构是一个 1,8-萘啶核，包含两个氮原子，不像喹啉，只有一个氮原子 .
作用机制
科学研究应用
生化分析
Biochemical Properties
Nalidixic acid plays a crucial role in biochemical reactions by targeting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication and transcription. By inhibiting these enzymes, nalidixic acid prevents the supercoiling and uncoiling of bacterial DNA, thereby halting DNA synthesis. This interaction is specific to bacterial enzymes, making nalidixic acid effective against bacterial infections while having minimal impact on human cells .
Cellular Effects
Nalidixic acid exerts significant effects on various types of cells, particularly bacterial cells. It disrupts cell function by inhibiting DNA synthesis, leading to cell death. In bacterial cells, nalidixic acid affects cell signaling pathways, gene expression, and cellular metabolism. The inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV results in the accumulation of DNA breaks, which triggers the bacterial SOS response and ultimately leads to cell death .
Molecular Mechanism
The molecular mechanism of nalidixic acid involves its binding to the A subunit of DNA gyrase and the C subunit of topoisomerase IV. This binding interferes with the enzymes’ ability to introduce negative supercoils into DNA, which is essential for DNA replication and transcription. By stabilizing the DNA-enzyme complex, nalidixic acid prevents the re-ligation of DNA strands, leading to the accumulation of DNA breaks and inhibition of bacterial growth .
Temporal Effects in Laboratory Settings
In laboratory settings, the effects of nalidixic acid change over time. Initially, nalidixic acid rapidly inhibits DNA synthesis, leading to a decrease in bacterial growth. Over time, the stability and degradation of nalidixic acid can influence its effectiveness. Studies have shown that nalidixic acid is relatively stable under laboratory conditions, but prolonged exposure can lead to the development of bacterial resistance .
Dosage Effects in Animal Models
The effects of nalidixic acid vary with different dosages in animal models. At therapeutic doses, nalidixic acid effectively treats bacterial infections without causing significant toxicity. At high doses, nalidixic acid can exhibit toxic effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances and central nervous system toxicity. Threshold effects have been observed, where increasing the dosage beyond a certain point does not significantly enhance its antibacterial activity but increases the risk of adverse effects .
Metabolic Pathways
Nalidixic acid is metabolized in the liver, primarily through hydroxylation to form hydroxynalidixic acid. This metabolite retains antibacterial activity and contributes to the overall effectiveness of nalidixic acid. The metabolic pathways involve enzymes such as cytochrome P450, which facilitate the conversion of nalidixic acid to its active metabolite. The presence of hydroxynalidixic acid in the bloodstream ensures sustained antibacterial activity .
Transport and Distribution
Nalidixic acid is transported and distributed within cells and tissues through passive diffusion. It can cross cell membranes and accumulate in bacterial cells, where it exerts its antibacterial effects. The distribution of nalidixic acid within tissues is influenced by factors such as blood flow and tissue permeability. Transporters and binding proteins may also play a role in the cellular uptake and distribution of nalidixic acid .
Subcellular Localization
Nalidixic acid primarily localizes in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells, where it interacts with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The subcellular localization of nalidixic acid is crucial for its antibacterial activity, as it needs to reach its target enzymes to inhibit DNA synthesis. Post-translational modifications and targeting signals may influence the localization and activity of nalidixic acid within bacterial cells .
准备方法
- 萘啶酸由 2-甲基吡啶合成制得 2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶。
- 然后将后一种化合物与甲酸乙酯和草酸二乙酯缩合，生成 N-(2-甲基-5-氨基-吡啶)亚甲基丙二酸酯。
- 在 260-270°C 下环化，然后用氢氧化钠水解，得到 7-甲基-1,8-萘啶-4-羟基-3-羧酸。
- 最后，用溴乙烷进行 N-烷基化，得到萘啶酸 .
化学反应分析
- 萘啶酸对革兰氏阴性菌和一些革兰氏阳性菌均表现出抗菌活性。
- 它在较低浓度下起抑菌作用，在较高浓度下起杀菌作用。
- 常见反应包括水解、烷基化和氧化。
- 形成的主要产物包括 7-甲基-1,8-萘啶-4-羟基-3-羧酸及其衍生物 .
相似化合物的比较
- 萘啶酸因其萘啶酮结构而独一无二。
- 类似化合物包括其他喹诺酮类药物，如环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星和莫西沙星 .
属性
IUPAC Name |
1-ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid |
Source
|
|---|---|---|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI |
InChI=1S/C12H12N2O3/c1-3-14-6-9(12(16)17)10(15)8-5-4-7(2)13-11(8)14/h4-6H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,16,17) |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI Key |
MHWLWQUZZRMNGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Canonical SMILES |
CCN1C=C(C(=O)C2=C1N=C(C=C2)C)C(=O)O |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Molecular Formula |
C12H12N2O3 |
Source
|
| Record name | NALIDIXIC ACID | |
| Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
| URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20720 | |
| Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
| Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Related CAS |
3374-05-8 (hydrochloride salt, anhydrous) |
Source
|
| Record name | Nalidixic acid [USAN:USP:INN:BAN:JAN] | |
| Source | ChemIDplus | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0000389082 | |
| Description | ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system. | |
DSSTOX Substance ID |
DTXSID3020912 |
Source
|
| Record name | Nalidixic acid | |
| Source | EPA DSSTox | |
| URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID3020912 | |
| Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
Molecular Weight |
232.23 g/mol |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Physical Description |
Nalidixic acid is a cream-colored powder. (NTP, 1992), Solid |
Source
|
| Record name | NALIDIXIC ACID | |
| Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
| URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20720 | |
| Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
| Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic Acid | |
| Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
| URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014917 | |
| Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
| Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
Solubility |
less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992), Soly at 23 °C (mg/ml): chloroform 35; toluene 1.6; methanol 1.3; ethanol 0.6; water 0.1; ether 0.1., PRACTICALLY INSOL IN WATER; SOL IN SOLN OF CARBONATES, 2.30e+00 g/L |
Source
|
| Record name | NALIDIXIC ACID | |
| Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
| URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20720 | |
| Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
| Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic acid | |
| Source | DrugBank | |
| URL | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00779 | |
| Description | The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. | |
| Explanation | Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode) | |
| Record name | NALIDIXIC ACID | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/3241 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic Acid | |
| Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
| URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014917 | |
| Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
| Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
Mechanism of Action |
Evidence exists for Nalidixic acid that its active metabolite, hydroxynalidixic acid, binds strongly, but reversibly, to DNA, interfering with synthesis of RNA and, consequently, with protein synthesis., IT APPEARS TO ACT BY INHIBITING DNA SYNTH. |
Source
|
| Record name | Nalidixic acid | |
| Source | DrugBank | |
| URL | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00779 | |
| Description | The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. | |
| Explanation | Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode) | |
| Record name | NALIDIXIC ACID | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/3241 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Color/Form |
PALE BUFF, CRYSTALLINE POWDER, WHITE TO SLIGHTLY YELLOW, CRYSTALLINE POWDER | |
CAS No. |
389-08-2 |
Source
|
| Record name | NALIDIXIC ACID | |
| Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
| URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20720 | |
| Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
| Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic acid | |
| Source | CAS Common Chemistry | |
| URL | https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=389-08-2 | |
| Description | CAS Common Chemistry is an open community resource for accessing chemical information. Nearly 500,000 chemical substances from CAS REGISTRY cover areas of community interest, including common and frequently regulated chemicals, and those relevant to high school and undergraduate chemistry classes. This chemical information, curated by our expert scientists, is provided in alignment with our mission as a division of the American Chemical Society. | |
| Explanation | The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic acid [USAN:USP:INN:BAN:JAN] | |
| Source | ChemIDplus | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0000389082 | |
| Description | ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic acid | |
| Source | DrugBank | |
| URL | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00779 | |
| Description | The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. | |
| Explanation | Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode) | |
| Record name | nalidixic acid | |
| Source | DTP/NCI | |
| URL | https://dtp.cancer.gov/dtpstandard/servlet/dwindex?searchtype=NSC&outputformat=html&searchlist=757432 | |
| Description | The NCI Development Therapeutics Program (DTP) provides services and resources to the academic and private-sector research communities worldwide to facilitate the discovery and development of new cancer therapeutic agents. | |
| Explanation | Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source. | |
| Record name | nalidixic acid | |
| Source | DTP/NCI | |
| URL | https://dtp.cancer.gov/dtpstandard/servlet/dwindex?searchtype=NSC&outputformat=html&searchlist=82174 | |
| Description | The NCI Development Therapeutics Program (DTP) provides services and resources to the academic and private-sector research communities worldwide to facilitate the discovery and development of new cancer therapeutic agents. | |
| Explanation | Unless otherwise indicated, all text within NCI products is free of copyright and may be reused without our permission. Credit the National Cancer Institute as the source. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic acid | |
| Source | EPA DSSTox | |
| URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID3020912 | |
| Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic acid | |
| Source | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) | |
| URL | https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.006.241 | |
| Description | The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is an agency of the European Union which is the driving force among regulatory authorities in implementing the EU's groundbreaking chemicals legislation for the benefit of human health and the environment as well as for innovation and competitiveness. | |
| Explanation | Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page. | |
| Record name | NALIDIXIC ACID | |
| Source | FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) | |
| URL | https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/3B91HWA56M | |
| Description | The FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) enables the efficient and accurate exchange of information on what substances are in regulated products. Instead of relying on names, which vary across regulatory domains, countries, and regions, the GSRS knowledge base makes it possible for substances to be defined by standardized, scientific descriptions. | |
| Explanation | Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required. | |
| Record name | NALIDIXIC ACID | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/3241 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic Acid | |
| Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
| URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014917 | |
| Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
| Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
Melting Point |
444 to 446 °F (NTP, 1992), 229-230 °C, 229.5 °C |
Source
|
| Record name | NALIDIXIC ACID | |
| Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
| URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20720 | |
| Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
| Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic acid | |
| Source | DrugBank | |
| URL | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00779 | |
| Description | The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. | |
| Explanation | Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode) | |
| Record name | NALIDIXIC ACID | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/3241 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
| Record name | Nalidixic Acid | |
| Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
| URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014917 | |
| Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
| Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
Synthesis routes and methods I
Procedure details
The culture medium LB (Tryptone 10 g/L, yeast extract 5 g/L, NaCl 10 g/L) that once autoclaved was supplemented with 25 μg/mL of kanamycin was used to grow E. coli S17-1 λ pir. Once the stationary phase was achieved, 0.2-0.3 A600 units of the App culture and 0.6-0.8 A600 units of the E. coli culture were added to 1 mL of a 10 mM solution of MgSO4. Next it was centrifuged during 2 minutes at 15,000 g and the pellet so obtained was resuspended in 200 μl of a 10 mM MgSO4 solution. Once the mixture of both cultures had been done, this was extended on a 2.5 cm and 0.45 μM nitrocellulose filter previously placed on a Petri dish containing TSYN medium supplemented with 15 g/L Noble agar. After incubation during 6 hours at 37 C., the filter with the conjugation was placed in a tube containing 2 mL of PBS (Na2HPO410 mM, KH2PO4 1 mM, NaCl 137 mM, KCl 2 mM pH 7.4). After vigorous shaking, the filter was removed and the cell suspension was centrifuged during 2 minutes at 15,000 g and the pellet was resuspended in 500 μL of PBS. The so obtained suspension was distributed in Petri dishes with TSYN medium supplemented with 15 g/L Noble Agar, 50 μg/mL kanamycin and 50 μg/mL nalidixic acid, at a rate of 100 μL of cell suspension for each Petri dish. The resulting cultures were incubated at 37 C. for 24-36 hours. With this procedure 65 colonies resistant to kanamicin and nalidixic acid, were obtained for the conjugation with the plasmid pApxIΔH2, which equals a frequency of transformation of 1.3×10−7 for each receptor cell.
[Compound]
Name
nitrocellulose
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Two
Name
kanamycin
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Three
Name
Name
Synthesis routes and methods II
Procedure details
85 mutant strains obtained above were inoculated in a 8 ml LB medium containing 50 μg/ml ampicillin in a large test tube, and cultured at 30° C. for 17 hr. The culture medium was inoculated at 1% in a 8 ml medium containing 100 μg/ml ampicillin [16 g/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 14 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1 g/L citric acid (anhydrous), 5 g/L casamino acid (manufactured by Difco), 10 g/L glucose, 10 mg/L vitamin B1, 25 mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 50 mg/L iron sulfate heptahydrate, 100 mg/L L-proline, adjusted with 10 mol/L sodium hydroxide to pH 7.2, and glucose, vitamin B1, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and iron sulfate heptahydrate were separately autoclaved and added] in a test tube, and cultured at 30° C. for 24 hr. The culture medium was centrifuged and a culture supernatant was obtained. The accumulated amounts of L-glutamine and L-glutamic acid in the culture supernatant were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and productivity of L-glutamine and L-glutamic acid was evaluated.
Name
iron sulfate heptahydrate
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
catalyst
Reaction Step Ten
Name
dipotassium hydrogen phosphate
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Eleven
Name
potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Eleven
Name
iron sulfate heptahydrate
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
catalyst
Reaction Step Eleven
Name
Retrosynthesis Analysis
AI-Powered Synthesis Planning: Our tool employs the Template_relevance Pistachio, Template_relevance Bkms_metabolic, Template_relevance Pistachio_ringbreaker, Template_relevance Reaxys, Template_relevance Reaxys_biocatalysis model, leveraging a vast database of chemical reactions to predict feasible synthetic routes.
One-Step Synthesis Focus: Specifically designed for one-step synthesis, it provides concise and direct routes for your target compounds, streamlining the synthesis process.
Accurate Predictions: Utilizing the extensive PISTACHIO, BKMS_METABOLIC, PISTACHIO_RINGBREAKER, REAXYS, REAXYS_BIOCATALYSIS database, our tool offers high-accuracy predictions, reflecting the latest in chemical research and data.
Strategy Settings
| Precursor scoring | Relevance Heuristic |
|---|---|
| Min. plausibility | 0.01 |
| Model | Template_relevance |
| Template Set | Pistachio/Bkms_metabolic/Pistachio_ringbreaker/Reaxys/Reaxys_biocatalysis |
| Top-N result to add to graph | 6 |
Feasible Synthetic Routes
Reactant of Route 1
Nalidixic acid
Reactant of Route 2
Nalidixic acid
Reactant of Route 3
Nalidixic acid
Reactant of Route 4
Reactant of Route 4
Nalidixic acid
Reactant of Route 5
Reactant of Route 5
Nalidixic acid
Reactant of Route 6
Nalidixic acid
体外研究产品的免责声明和信息
请注意，BenchChem 上展示的所有文章和产品信息仅供信息参考。 BenchChem 上可购买的产品专为体外研究设计，这些研究在生物体外进行。体外研究，源自拉丁语 "in glass"，涉及在受控实验室环境中使用细胞或组织进行的实验。重要的是要注意，这些产品没有被归类为药物或药品，他们没有得到 FDA 的批准，用于预防、治疗或治愈任何医疗状况、疾病或疾病。我们必须强调，将这些产品以任何形式引入人类或动物的身体都是法律严格禁止的。遵守这些指南对确保研究和实验的法律和道德标准的符合性至关重要。
![[(1r,2s,4s,5s)-4-[2-Iodo-6-(Methylamino)-9h-Purin-9-Yl]-2-(Phosphonooxy)bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-Yl]methyl Dihydrogen Phosphate](/img/structure/B1676837.png)
[(1r,2s,4s,5s)-4-[2-Iodo-6-(Methylamino)-9h-Purin-9-Yl]...
Cat. No.: B1676837
CAS No.: 779323-43-2
MRS 2578
Cat. No.: B1676839
CAS No.: 711019-86-2
3,5,7-Trimethoxyflavone
Cat. No.: B1676842
CAS No.: 26964-29-4
Contezolid
Cat. No.: B1676844
CAS No.: 1112968-42-9
![4,6-Dimethyl-N-[(E)-1-pyridin-2-ylethylideneamino]pyrimidin-2-amine](/img/structure/B1676848.png)
![2-bromo-N-(4-(8-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide](/img/structure/B1676849.png)
![1-Quinolin-5-yloxy-3-[4-(2-tricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),3,5,7,11,13-hexaenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propan-2-ol](/img/structure/B1676850.png)
![2-[1-(benzenesulfonyl)-5-methoxyindol-3-yl]-N,N-dimethylethanamine](/img/structure/B1676853.png)
![(5Z)-5-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione](/img/structure/B1676854.png)
