Mefloquine
描述
准备方法
甲氟喹是通过多步合成过程合成的,该过程涉及 2,8-双(三氟甲基)喹啉与哌啶反应 . 合成路线通常包括:
喹啉环的形成: 这涉及在酸性条件下适当前体的环化。
三氟甲基的引入: 此步骤是通过使用三氟甲基化试剂来实现的。
哌啶部分的连接: 这是通过亲核取代反应来完成的。
化学反应分析
甲氟喹经历了几种类型的化学反应:
还原: 虽然不太常见,但在特定条件下会发生还原反应。
这些反应中常用的试剂包括三氟甲基化试剂、用于环化的酸和用于取代的亲核试剂。 这些反应产生的主要产物是活性药物成分及其代谢物 .
科学研究应用
甲氟喹具有广泛的科学研究应用:
作用机制
甲氟喹的确切作用机制尚不清楚。 据信它靶向恶性疟原虫的 80S 核糖体,抑制蛋白质合成并导致裂殖子杀伤作用 . 甲氟喹还通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶来改变胆碱能突触传递,影响脑中的神经传递 .
相似化合物的比较
甲氟喹属于喹啉甲醇类抗疟疾药物。类似的化合物包括:
氯喹: 一种较早的抗疟疾药物,对非耐药菌株的疟原虫有效。
羟氯喹: 与氯喹相似,但在自身免疫性疾病中还有其他用途。
甲氟喹在其长半衰期方面是独一无二的,允许每周给药一次,并且对氯喹耐药菌株有效 . 它还与神经精神副作用有关,这限制了它在某些人群中的使用 .
属性
IUPAC Name |
(S)-[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]methanol | |
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Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI |
InChI=1S/C17H16F6N2O/c18-16(19,20)11-5-3-4-9-10(15(26)12-6-1-2-7-24-12)8-13(17(21,22)23)25-14(9)11/h3-5,8,12,15,24,26H,1-2,6-7H2/t12-,15+/m1/s1 | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI Key |
XEEQGYMUWCZPDN-DOMZBBRYSA-N | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Canonical SMILES |
C1CCNC(C1)C(C2=CC(=NC3=C2C=CC=C3C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)O | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Isomeric SMILES |
C1CCN[C@H](C1)[C@H](C2=CC(=NC3=C2C=CC=C3C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)O | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Molecular Formula |
C17H16F6N2O | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
DSSTOX Substance ID |
DTXSID4037168, DTXSID101019853 | |
Record name | Mefloquine | |
Source | EPA DSSTox | |
URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID4037168 | |
Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
Record name | (-)-Mefloquine | |
Source | EPA DSSTox | |
URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID101019853 | |
Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
Molecular Weight |
378.31 g/mol | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Density |
Crystal density: 1.432 g/cu cm | |
Record name | MEFLOQUINE | |
Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/6853 | |
Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Mechanism of Action |
Mefloquine, like chloroquine and quinine, is a blood schizonticidal agent and is active against the intraerythrocytic stages of parasite development. Similar to chloroquine and quinine, mefloquine appears to interfere with the parasite's ability to metabolize and utilize erythrocyte hemoglobin. The antimalarial activity of mefloquine may depend on the ability of the drug to form hydrogen bonds with cellular constituents; results of structure-activity studies indicate that the orientation of the hydroxyl and amine groups with respect to each other in the mefloquine molecule may be essential for antimalarial activity. While the precise mechanism of action of mefloquine is unknown, it may involve mechanisms that differ from those proposed for chloroquine., The effects of the antimalarial drug, mefloquine, on the uptake and release of Ca2+ by crude microsomes from dog brain were investigated using a spectrophotometric method. Mefloquine inhibited the inositol-1,4,5-phosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release with an IC50 of 42 uM, but was a weaker inhibitor of the uptake of Ca2+ into the vesicles (IC50: 272 uM). These effects of mefloquine are in contrast to its actions on Ca2+ uptake and release by skeletal muscle microsomes, where its predominant effect was seen to be the inhibition of Ca2+ uptake into the vesicles. Mefloquine was found to be more potent than quinine as a specific inhibitor of Ca2+ release from IP3-sensitive stores in dog brain microsomes. The possibility of the drug affecting cellular IP3-linked signal transduction processes should be considered. | |
Record name | MEFLOQUINE | |
Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/6853 | |
Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
CAS No. |
51742-87-1, 53230-10-7 | |
Record name | (+)-Mefloquine | |
Source | CAS Common Chemistry | |
URL | https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=51742-87-1 | |
Description | CAS Common Chemistry is an open community resource for accessing chemical information. Nearly 500,000 chemical substances from CAS REGISTRY cover areas of community interest, including common and frequently regulated chemicals, and those relevant to high school and undergraduate chemistry classes. This chemical information, curated by our expert scientists, is provided in alignment with our mission as a division of the American Chemical Society. | |
Explanation | The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated. | |
Record name | Mefloquine | |
Source | CAS Common Chemistry | |
URL | https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=53230-10-7 | |
Description | CAS Common Chemistry is an open community resource for accessing chemical information. Nearly 500,000 chemical substances from CAS REGISTRY cover areas of community interest, including common and frequently regulated chemicals, and those relevant to high school and undergraduate chemistry classes. This chemical information, curated by our expert scientists, is provided in alignment with our mission as a division of the American Chemical Society. | |
Explanation | The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated. | |
Record name | (-)-Mefloquine | |
Source | ChemIDplus | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0051742871 | |
Description | ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system. | |
Record name | Mefloquine [USAN:INN:BAN] | |
Source | ChemIDplus | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0053230107 | |
Description | ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system. | |
Record name | Mefloquine | |
Source | EPA DSSTox | |
URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID4037168 | |
Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
Record name | (-)-Mefloquine | |
Source | EPA DSSTox | |
URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID101019853 | |
Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
Record name | MEFLOQUINE | |
Source | FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) | |
URL | https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/TML814419R | |
Description | The FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) enables the efficient and accurate exchange of information on what substances are in regulated products. Instead of relying on names, which vary across regulatory domains, countries, and regions, the GSRS knowledge base makes it possible for substances to be defined by standardized, scientific descriptions. | |
Explanation | Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required. | |
Record name | MEFLOQUINE | |
Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/6853 | |
Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Melting Point |
174-176 °C | |
Record name | MEFLOQUINE | |
Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/6853 | |
Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
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Strategy Settings
Precursor scoring | Relevance Heuristic |
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Min. plausibility | 0.01 |
Model | Template_relevance |
Template Set | Pistachio/Bkms_metabolic/Pistachio_ringbreaker/Reaxys/Reaxys_biocatalysis |
Top-N result to add to graph | 6 |
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