molecular formula C19H23ClN2 B1669221 克洛米普拉明 CAS No. 303-49-1

克洛米普拉明

货号: B1669221
CAS 编号: 303-49-1
分子量: 314.9 g/mol
InChI 键: GDLIGKIOYRNHDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
注意: 仅供研究使用。不适用于人类或兽医用途。
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描述

氯米帕明是一种三环抗抑郁药,主要用于治疗强迫症。它在治疗其他疾病方面也十分有效,例如重度抑郁症、惊恐障碍和慢性疼痛。氯米帕明由瑞士制药公司Ciba-Geigy于1964年发现,并以商品名Anafranil等销售 .

作用机制

氯米帕明通过抑制中枢神经系统中血清素和去甲肾上腺素的再摄取而发挥作用。这导致这些神经递质在突触间隙中的浓度升高,从而增强神经传递。该化合物还阻断组胺-H1受体、α1-肾上腺素受体和毒蕈碱受体,这有助于其镇静、降压和抗胆碱能作用 .

类似化合物:

氯米帕明的独特性: 氯米帕明与其他三环抗抑郁药相比,具有强烈的血清素再摄取抑制作用。这使得它在治疗强迫症方面特别有效。此外,其代谢产物脱甲基氯米帕明优先抑制去甲肾上腺素的再摄取,提供了双重作用机制 .

科学研究应用

氯米帕明在科学研究中有着广泛的应用:

准备方法

合成路线和反应条件: 氯米帕明通过以亚胺二苯甲烷为起始原料的多步合成方法制得。主要步骤包括:

工业生产方法: 氯米帕明的工业生产通常采用相同的合成路线,但规模更大。该过程需要严格控制反应条件,以确保高纯度和高产率。最终产品通常转化为其盐酸盐形式,以提高稳定性和易于配制 .

化学反应分析

反应类型: 氯米帕明经历几种类型的化学反应,包括:

常用试剂和条件:

主要生成产物:

    脱甲基氯米帕明: 通过还原生成。

    N-氧化物衍生物: 通过氧化生成.

相似化合物的比较

Uniqueness of Clomipramine: Clomipramine is unique due to its strong inhibition of serotonin reuptake compared to other tricyclic antidepressants. This makes it particularly effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. Additionally, its metabolite, desmethylclomipramine, preferentially inhibits norepinephrine reuptake, providing a dual mechanism of action .

属性

IUPAC Name

3-(2-chloro-5,6-dihydrobenzo[b][1]benzazepin-11-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine
Source PubChem
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InChI

InChI=1S/C19H23ClN2/c1-21(2)12-5-13-22-18-7-4-3-6-15(18)8-9-16-10-11-17(20)14-19(16)22/h3-4,6-7,10-11,14H,5,8-9,12-13H2,1-2H3
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

InChI Key

GDLIGKIOYRNHDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

Canonical SMILES

CN(C)CCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC3=C1C=C(C=C3)Cl
Source PubChem
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Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

Molecular Formula

C19H23ClN2
Source PubChem
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Related CAS

17321-77-6 (mono-hydrochloride)
Record name Clomipramine [INN:BAN]
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DSSTOX Substance ID

DTXSID6022844
Record name Clomipramine
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Molecular Weight

314.9 g/mol
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Physical Description

Solid
Record name Clomipramine
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Boiling Point

160-170 °C at 3.00E-01 mm Hg, 160-170 °C at 0.3 mm Hg
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Solubility

1.44e-02 g/L
Record name Clomipramine
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Mechanism of Action

Clomipramine is a strong, but not completely selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI), as the active main metabolite desmethyclomipramine acts preferably as an inhibitor of noradrenaline reuptake. α1-receptor blockage and β-down-regulation have been noted and most likely play a role in the short term effects of clomipramine. A blockade of sodium-channels and NDMA-receptors might, as with other tricyclics, account for its effect in chronic pain, in particular the neuropathic type., The pharmacology of clomipramine is complex and in many ways resembles that of other antidepressants, particularly those agents (eg, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, trazodone) that predominantly potentiate the pharmacologic effects of serotonin (5-HT). Although clomipramine's principal pharmacologic effect in vitro is the selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake, in vivo the drug's pharmacologic activity is not so selective because of the action of its demethylated metabolite, desmethylclomipramine, as an inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake. As a result of this and other effects, clomipramine also shares the pharmacologic profile of other tricyclic antidepressants., The precise mechanism of action that is responsible for the efficacy of clomipramine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder is unclear. However, because of its pronounced potency in blocking serotonin reuptake at the presynaptic neuronal membrane and its efficacy in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, a serotonin hypothesis has been developed to explain the pathogenesis of the condition. The hypothesis postulates that a dysregulation of serotonin is responsible for obsessive-compulsive disorder and that clomipramine is effective because it corrects this imbalance., Clomipramine and its principal metabolite, desmethylclomipramine, have been shown to block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, respectively, at the presynaptic neuronal membrane. The effects of serotonin and norepinephrine may thus be potentiated. However, it has been suggested that postsynaptic receptor modification is mainly responsible for the antidepressant action observed during long-term administration of antidepressant agents. During long-term therapy with most antidepressants (eg, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase [MAO] inhibitors), these adaptive changes generally consist of subsensitivity of the noradrenergic adenylate cyclase system in association with a decrease in the number of beta-adrenergic receptors; such effects on noradrenergic receptor function commonly are referred to as "down-regulation." In addition, some antidepressants reportedly decrease the number of 5-HT binding sites following chronic administration., Clomipramine's principal metabolite, desmethylclomipramine, is an inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake. Clomipramine decreases the concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), a metabolite of norepinephrine, in CSF in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients with depressive affective (mood) disorders (e.g., major depressive episode) also exhibit decreases in concentrations of 5-HIAA and MHPG in CSF during treatment with clomipramine. The decrease in the concentration of 5-HIAA in CSF was correlated with inhibition of the in vitro uptake of 3H-serotonin in plasma. The change in concentration of MHPG in CSF during clomipramine therapy was correlated with amelioration of depression., For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for Clomipramine (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
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Impurities

N-[3-(3-chloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-t-yl)propyl]-N,N',N'-trimethylpropane-1,3-diamine, 3-(3-chloro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl]-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine, 3-(3,7-dichloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzol[b,f]azepin-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine, 3-chloro-5-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine, For more Impurities (Complete) data for Clomipramine (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
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CAS No.

303-49-1
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Melting Point

191.5-192, 189.5 °C
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Retrosynthesis Analysis

AI-Powered Synthesis Planning: Our tool employs the Template_relevance Pistachio, Template_relevance Bkms_metabolic, Template_relevance Pistachio_ringbreaker, Template_relevance Reaxys, Template_relevance Reaxys_biocatalysis model, leveraging a vast database of chemical reactions to predict feasible synthetic routes.

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Strategy Settings

Precursor scoring Relevance Heuristic
Min. plausibility 0.01
Model Template_relevance
Template Set Pistachio/Bkms_metabolic/Pistachio_ringbreaker/Reaxys/Reaxys_biocatalysis
Top-N result to add to graph 6

Feasible Synthetic Routes

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