华法林
概述
描述
华法林是一种众所周知的抗凝血剂,用于预防和治疗血栓。 它通常被处方给有患有害血栓风险的患者,例如患有心房颤动、深静脉血栓形成或肺栓塞的患者 . 华法林通过抑制维生素K依赖性凝血因子的合成发挥作用,从而降低血液的凝固能力 .
作用机制
华法林通过抑制酶维生素K环氧化还原酶发挥其抗凝血作用 . 该酶负责将维生素K环氧化物转化回其活性形式,维生素K氢醌。 通过阻断这种转化,华法林降低了活性维生素K的水平,导致维生素K依赖性凝血因子(II、VII、IX 和 X)的合成减少 . 这导致血凝能力降低。
科学研究应用
华法林在科学研究中有着广泛的应用:
生化分析
Biochemical Properties
Warfarin’s biotransformation is a complex process involving over nine different metabolites . It interacts with cytochrome P450 2C (Cyp2c) enzymes, which are instrumental in the biotransformation of Warfarin to its 7-hydroxylated metabolite .
Cellular Effects
Warfarin alters vitamin K metabolism, which has significant consequences as vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins function in numerous physiologies in many tissues . These proteins may be poorly carboxylated and dysfunctional if the second activity is not ubiquitously expressed similar to VKORC1 .
Molecular Mechanism
Warfarin inhibits the vitamin K oxidoreductase (VKORC1), which generates vitamin K hydroquinone (KH 2) required for the carboxylation and consequent activation of VKD proteins . Warfarin uncouples the 2 reactions that fully reduce KO .
Temporal Effects in Laboratory Settings
It is known that Warfarin’s metabolism involves a rate-limiting step in the biotransformation of Warfarin to its 7-hydroxylated metabolite .
Dosage Effects in Animal Models
It is known that Warfarin’s metabolism is a complex process involving over nine different metabolites .
Metabolic Pathways
Warfarin is involved in the metabolic pathway of vitamin K. It inhibits VKORC1, which generates KH 2 required for the carboxylation and consequent activation of VKD proteins .
Transport and Distribution
It is known that Warfarin interacts with Cyp2c enzymes during its metabolism .
Subcellular Localization
Warfarin and VKORC1 both reside in the endoplasmic reticulum and mediate VKD protein modification during secretion
准备方法
合成路线和反应条件
华法林可以通过多种方法合成。 一种常见的合成路线是将4-羟基香豆素与苄叉丙酮在碱性条件下缩合 . 反应通常使用氢氧化钠作为碱,乙醇作为溶剂。 然后通过重结晶对产物进行纯化。
工业生产方法
华法林的工业生产涉及使用与实验室环境中类似的方法进行大规模合成。 该工艺针对产量和纯度进行了优化,通常涉及连续流反应器和先进的纯化技术 . 最终产品被配制成片剂或注射液用于医疗用途。
化学反应分析
反应类型
常用试剂和条件
氧化: 华法林可以在酸性条件下使用高锰酸钾或过氧化氢等试剂氧化。
还原: 可以使用硼氢化钠或氢化铝锂等还原剂对华法林进行还原。
主要产物
由这些反应形成的主要产物取决于所使用的具体试剂和条件。 例如,华法林的氧化会导致醌的形成,而还原会导致羟基衍生物的形成 .
相似化合物的比较
华法林经常与其他抗凝血剂,尤其是直接口服抗凝血剂 (DOAC) 进行比较,例如阿哌沙班、达比加群和利伐沙班 . 与华法林不同的是,华法林抑制维生素K依赖性凝血因子,而DOAC直接抑制特定的凝血因子(例如,因子Xa或凝血酶) . 这种机制的差异使得DOAC的起效更快,并且对饮食因素的依赖性更小,但它们也可能具有不同的副作用概况 .
类似化合物
阿哌沙班: 直接因子Xa抑制剂。
达比加群: 直接凝血酶抑制剂。
利伐沙班: 直接因子Xa抑制剂.
华法林仍然具有独特性,因为它有着悠久的应用历史,拥有完善的监测方案,并且在DOAC可能不适合的特定疾病患者中发挥着作用 .
属性
IUPAC Name |
4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)chromen-2-one | |
---|---|---|
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI |
InChI=1S/C19H16O4/c1-12(20)11-15(13-7-3-2-4-8-13)17-18(21)14-9-5-6-10-16(14)23-19(17)22/h2-10,15,21H,11H2,1H3 | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI Key |
PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Canonical SMILES |
CC(=O)CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=C(C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)O | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Molecular Formula |
C19H16O4 | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/5240 | |
Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
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Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) | |
URL | https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0821 | |
Description | The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) are data sheets intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear and concise way. The primary aim of the Cards is to promote the safe use of chemicals in the workplace. | |
Explanation | Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
DSSTOX Substance ID |
DTXSID5023742 | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | EPA DSSTox | |
URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID5023742 | |
Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
Molecular Weight |
308.3 g/mol | |
Source | PubChem | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Physical Description |
Warfarin is an odorless and colorless solid. Used as a rodenticide for Norway rats and for house mice. (EPA, 1998), Colorless, odorless, crystalline powder. [rodenticide]; [NIOSH], Solid, COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE POWDER., Colorless, odorless, crystalline powder or solid., Colorless, odorless, crystalline powder. [Note: Rodenticide.] | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/5240 | |
Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases | |
URL | https://haz-map.com/Agents/673 | |
Description | Haz-Map® is an occupational health database designed for health and safety professionals and for consumers seeking information about the adverse effects of workplace exposures to chemical and biological agents. | |
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Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0001935 | |
Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) | |
URL | https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0821 | |
Description | The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) are data sheets intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear and concise way. The primary aim of the Cards is to promote the safe use of chemicals in the workplace. | |
Explanation | Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | |
URL | https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/714 | |
Description | The OSHA Occupational Chemical Database contains over 800 entries with information such as physical properties, exposure guidelines, etc. | |
Explanation | Materials created by the federal government are generally part of the public domain and may be used, reproduced and distributed without permission. Therefore, content on this website which is in the public domain may be used without the prior permission of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Warning: Some content - including both images and text - may be the copyrighted property of others and used by the DOL under a license. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) | |
URL | https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0665.html | |
Description | The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards is intended as a source of general industrial hygiene information on several hundred chemicals/classes for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. Read more: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/ | |
Explanation | The information provided using CDC Web site is only intended to be general summary information to the public. It is not intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations. | |
Boiling Point |
Decomposes (NIOSH, 2023), decomposes, Decomposes | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/5240 | |
Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | |
URL | https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/714 | |
Description | The OSHA Occupational Chemical Database contains over 800 entries with information such as physical properties, exposure guidelines, etc. | |
Explanation | Materials created by the federal government are generally part of the public domain and may be used, reproduced and distributed without permission. Therefore, content on this website which is in the public domain may be used without the prior permission of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Warning: Some content - including both images and text - may be the copyrighted property of others and used by the DOL under a license. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) | |
URL | https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0665.html | |
Description | The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards is intended as a source of general industrial hygiene information on several hundred chemicals/classes for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. Read more: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/ | |
Explanation | The information provided using CDC Web site is only intended to be general summary information to the public. It is not intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations. | |
Solubility |
0.002 % (NIOSH, 2023), Solubility: 1 g in 1.5 mL water, 1.9 mL alcohol, >10,000 mL chloroform, >10,000 mL ether /Warfarin potassium/, In water, 17 mg/L at 20 °C, Soluble in acetone, dioxane; moderately soluble in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, some oils; freely soluble in alkaline aqueous solution (forms a water-sol sodium salt); practically insoluble in benzene, cyclohexane, Skellysolves A and B., In acetone 65, chloroform 56, dioxane 100 (all in g/L, 20 °C), 0.017 mg/mL at 20 °C, Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.0017 (very poor), 0.002% | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/5240 | |
Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | DrugBank | |
URL | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00682 | |
Description | The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. | |
Explanation | Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode) | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/1786 | |
Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0001935 | |
Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) | |
URL | https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0821 | |
Description | The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) are data sheets intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear and concise way. The primary aim of the Cards is to promote the safe use of chemicals in the workplace. | |
Explanation | Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) | |
URL | https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0665.html | |
Description | The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards is intended as a source of general industrial hygiene information on several hundred chemicals/classes for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. Read more: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/ | |
Explanation | The information provided using CDC Web site is only intended to be general summary information to the public. It is not intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations. | |
Density |
Relative density (water = 1): 1.4 | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) | |
URL | https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0821 | |
Description | The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) are data sheets intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear and concise way. The primary aim of the Cards is to promote the safe use of chemicals in the workplace. | |
Explanation | Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 | |
Vapor Density |
Relative vapor density (air = 1): 10.6 | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) | |
URL | https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0821 | |
Description | The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) are data sheets intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear and concise way. The primary aim of the Cards is to promote the safe use of chemicals in the workplace. | |
Explanation | Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 | |
Vapor Pressure |
0.09 mmHg at 71 °F (NIOSH, 2023), 0.09 [mmHg], 1.5X10-3 mPa /1.125X10-8 mm Hg/ at 25 °C, Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: (negligible), 0.09 mmHg at 71 °F, (71 °F): 0.09 mmHg | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/5240 | |
Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases | |
URL | https://haz-map.com/Agents/673 | |
Description | Haz-Map® is an occupational health database designed for health and safety professionals and for consumers seeking information about the adverse effects of workplace exposures to chemical and biological agents. | |
Explanation | Copyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission. | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/1786 | |
Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) | |
URL | https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0821 | |
Description | The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) are data sheets intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear and concise way. The primary aim of the Cards is to promote the safe use of chemicals in the workplace. | |
Explanation | Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | |
URL | https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/714 | |
Description | The OSHA Occupational Chemical Database contains over 800 entries with information such as physical properties, exposure guidelines, etc. | |
Explanation | Materials created by the federal government are generally part of the public domain and may be used, reproduced and distributed without permission. Therefore, content on this website which is in the public domain may be used without the prior permission of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Warning: Some content - including both images and text - may be the copyrighted property of others and used by the DOL under a license. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) | |
URL | https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0665.html | |
Description | The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards is intended as a source of general industrial hygiene information on several hundred chemicals/classes for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. Read more: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/ | |
Explanation | The information provided using CDC Web site is only intended to be general summary information to the public. It is not intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations. | |
Mechanism of Action |
Warfarin is a [vitamin K] antagonist which acts to inhibit the production of vitamin K by vitamin K epoxide reductase. The reduced form of vitamin K, vitamin KH2 is a cofactor used in the γ-carboxylation of coagulation factors VII, IX, X, and thrombin. Carboxylation induces a conformational change allowing the factors to bind Ca2+ and to phospholipid surfaces. Uncarboxylated factors VII, IX, X, and thrombin are biologically inactive and therefore serve to interrupt the coagulation cascade. The endogenous anticoagulation proteins C and S also require γ-carboxylation to function. This is particularly true in the case of thrombin which must be activated in order to form a thrombus. vitamin KH2 is converted to vitamin K epoxide as part of the γ-carboxylation reaction catalyzed by γ-glutamyl carboxylase. Vitamin K epoxide is then converted to vitamin K1 by vitamin K epoxide reductase then back to vitamin KH2 by vitamin K reductase. Warfarin binds to vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 and irreversibly inhibits the enzyme thereby stopping the recycling of vitamin K by preventing the conversion of vitamin K epoxide to vitamin K1. This process creates a hypercoagulable state for a short time as proteins C and S degrade first with half lives of 8 and 24 hours, with the exception of factor VII which has a half life of 6 hours. Factors IX, X, and finally thrombin degrade later with half lives of 24, 36, and 50 hours resulting in a dominant anticoagulation effect. In order to reverse this anticoagulation vitamin K must be supplied, either exogenously or by removal of the vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibition, and time allowed for new coagulation factors to be synthesized. It takes approximately 2 days for new coagulation factors to be synthesized in the liver. Vitamin K2, functionally identical to vitamin K1, is synthesized by gut bacteria leading to interactions with antibiotics as elimination of these bacteria can reduce vitamin K2 | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | DrugBank | |
URL | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00682 | |
Description | The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. | |
Explanation | Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode) | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/1786 | |
Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Color/Form |
Crystals from alcohol, White powder, The racemate forms colorless crystals | |
CAS No. |
81-81-2 | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/5240 | |
Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
Record name | (±)-Warfarin | |
Source | CAS Common Chemistry | |
URL | https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=81-81-2 | |
Description | CAS Common Chemistry is an open community resource for accessing chemical information. Nearly 500,000 chemical substances from CAS REGISTRY cover areas of community interest, including common and frequently regulated chemicals, and those relevant to high school and undergraduate chemistry classes. This chemical information, curated by our expert scientists, is provided in alignment with our mission as a division of the American Chemical Society. | |
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Record name | Warfarin [INN:BAN] | |
Source | ChemIDplus | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0000081812 | |
Description | ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | DrugBank | |
URL | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00682 | |
Description | The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. | |
Explanation | Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode) | |
Record name | warfarin | |
Source | DTP/NCI | |
URL | https://dtp.cancer.gov/dtpstandard/servlet/dwindex?searchtype=NSC&outputformat=html&searchlist=757385 | |
Description | The NCI Development Therapeutics Program (DTP) provides services and resources to the academic and private-sector research communities worldwide to facilitate the discovery and development of new cancer therapeutic agents. | |
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Record name | warfarin | |
Source | DTP/NCI | |
URL | https://dtp.cancer.gov/dtpstandard/servlet/dwindex?searchtype=NSC&outputformat=html&searchlist=59813 | |
Description | The NCI Development Therapeutics Program (DTP) provides services and resources to the academic and private-sector research communities worldwide to facilitate the discovery and development of new cancer therapeutic agents. | |
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Record name | 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)- | |
Source | EPA Chemicals under the TSCA | |
URL | https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca | |
Description | EPA Chemicals under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) collection contains information on chemicals and their regulations under TSCA, including non-confidential content from the TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory and Chemical Data Reporting. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | EPA DSSTox | |
URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID5023742 | |
Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) | |
URL | https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.001.253 | |
Description | The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is an agency of the European Union which is the driving force among regulatory authorities in implementing the EU's groundbreaking chemicals legislation for the benefit of human health and the environment as well as for innovation and competitiveness. | |
Explanation | Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page. | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) | |
URL | https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/5Q7ZVV76EI | |
Description | The FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) enables the efficient and accurate exchange of information on what substances are in regulated products. Instead of relying on names, which vary across regulatory domains, countries, and regions, the GSRS knowledge base makes it possible for substances to be defined by standardized, scientific descriptions. | |
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Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/1786 | |
Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0001935 | |
Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) | |
URL | https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0821 | |
Description | The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) are data sheets intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear and concise way. The primary aim of the Cards is to promote the safe use of chemicals in the workplace. | |
Explanation | Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | |
URL | https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/714 | |
Description | The OSHA Occupational Chemical Database contains over 800 entries with information such as physical properties, exposure guidelines, etc. | |
Explanation | Materials created by the federal government are generally part of the public domain and may be used, reproduced and distributed without permission. Therefore, content on this website which is in the public domain may be used without the prior permission of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Warning: Some content - including both images and text - may be the copyrighted property of others and used by the DOL under a license. | |
Record name | Coumarin, 3-(alpha-acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxy- | |
Source | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) | |
URL | https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/GN456D70.html | |
Description | The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (NPG) provides general industrial hygiene information for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. It contains safety information and hazard data related to chemical substances or mixtures. | |
Explanation | The information provided using CDC Web site is only intended to be general summary information to the public. It is not intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations. | |
Melting Point |
322 °F (EPA, 1998), 161 °C, 322 °F | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/5240 | |
Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
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Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | DrugBank | |
URL | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00682 | |
Description | The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. | |
Explanation | Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode) | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/1786 | |
Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0001935 | |
Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) | |
URL | https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0821 | |
Description | The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) are data sheets intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear and concise way. The primary aim of the Cards is to promote the safe use of chemicals in the workplace. | |
Explanation | Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 | |
Record name | WARFARIN | |
Source | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | |
URL | https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/714 | |
Description | The OSHA Occupational Chemical Database contains over 800 entries with information such as physical properties, exposure guidelines, etc. | |
Explanation | Materials created by the federal government are generally part of the public domain and may be used, reproduced and distributed without permission. Therefore, content on this website which is in the public domain may be used without the prior permission of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Warning: Some content - including both images and text - may be the copyrighted property of others and used by the DOL under a license. | |
Record name | Warfarin | |
Source | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) | |
URL | https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0665.html | |
Description | The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards is intended as a source of general industrial hygiene information on several hundred chemicals/classes for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. Read more: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/ | |
Explanation | The information provided using CDC Web site is only intended to be general summary information to the public. It is not intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations. | |
Synthesis routes and methods I
Procedure details
Synthesis routes and methods II
Procedure details
体外研究产品的免责声明和信息
请注意,BenchChem 上展示的所有文章和产品信息仅供信息参考。 BenchChem 上可购买的产品专为体外研究设计,这些研究在生物体外进行。体外研究,源自拉丁语 "in glass",涉及在受控实验室环境中使用细胞或组织进行的实验。重要的是要注意,这些产品没有被归类为药物或药品,他们没有得到 FDA 的批准,用于预防、治疗或治愈任何医疗状况、疾病或疾病。我们必须强调,将这些产品以任何形式引入人类或动物的身体都是法律严格禁止的。遵守这些指南对确保研究和实验的法律和道德标准的符合性至关重要。