Nifédipine
Vue d'ensemble
Description
La nifédipine est un bloquant des canaux calciques de type dihydropyridine principalement utilisé pour gérer l’angine de poitrine, l’hypertension artérielle, le phénomène de Raynaud et l’accouchement prématuré . Elle a été développée pour la première fois par Bayer et décrite dans la littérature en 1972 . La this compound agit en inhibant l’influx d’ions calcium dans les cellules musculaires cardiaques et lisses, ce qui entraîne une vasodilatation et une diminution de la pression artérielle .
Mécanisme D'action
La nifédipine exerce ses effets en bloquant les canaux calciques de type L dans les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires et les cellules musculaires cardiaques . Cette inhibition empêche l’influx d’ions calcium, ce qui entraîne la relaxation des cellules musculaires lisses, la vasodilatation et une diminution consécutive de la pression artérielle . La cible moléculaire principale de la this compound est le canal calcique de type L .
Applications De Recherche Scientifique
Nifedipine has a wide range of scientific research applications:
Analyse Biochimique
Biochemical Properties
Nifedipine’s primary role in biochemical reactions is as an inhibitor of L-type calcium channels . By blocking these channels, Nifedipine prevents the influx of calcium ions into cells, which is a crucial step in muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release .
Cellular Effects
Nifedipine has a profound effect on various types of cells, particularly those in the heart and blood vessels . By inhibiting calcium influx, Nifedipine reduces the contractility of cardiac and smooth muscle cells, leading to a decrease in blood pressure . It also influences cell signaling pathways related to calcium homeostasis and can affect gene expression related to these pathways .
Molecular Mechanism
Nifedipine exerts its effects at the molecular level primarily through its interaction with L-type calcium channels . It binds to the alpha-1 subunit of these channels, causing a conformational change that prevents the passage of calcium ions . This inhibition can lead to downstream effects on gene expression and cellular metabolism .
Temporal Effects in Laboratory Settings
In laboratory settings, the effects of Nifedipine can be observed to change over time. It is almost completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract but has a bioavailability of 45-68%, partly due to first-pass metabolism . Over time, the drug is metabolized and excreted, and its effects diminish .
Dosage Effects in Animal Models
The effects of Nifedipine in animal models have been shown to vary with dosage . At lower doses, Nifedipine effectively reduces blood pressure without significant adverse effects. At higher doses, it can cause hypotension and reflex tachycardia .
Metabolic Pathways
Nifedipine is metabolized primarily in the liver by the cytochrome P450 system . It undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism, leading to the formation of several metabolites .
Transport and Distribution
After absorption, Nifedipine is distributed throughout the body. It is highly lipophilic, allowing it to cross cell membranes easily . It is also highly protein-bound in plasma, which can affect its distribution .
Subcellular Localization
As a lipophilic compound, Nifedipine can diffuse across cell membranes and reach various subcellular compartments . Its primary site of action, the L-type calcium channels, are located in the cell membrane . It can also affect intracellular calcium stores and other subcellular structures .
Méthodes De Préparation
Voies de synthèse et conditions de réaction : La nifédipine peut être synthétisée par la réaction de Hantzsch, qui implique la condensation d’un aldéhyde, d’un β-cétoester et d’ammoniac . Par exemple, l’acétoacétate de méthyle et l’ortho-nitrobenzaldéhyde réagissent en présence d’ammoniac pour former de la this compound .
Méthodes de production industrielle : En milieu industriel, la this compound est souvent préparée sous forme de dispersion solide à l’aide de polymères hydrosolubles comme la polyvinylpyrrolidone pour améliorer sa biodisponibilité . Une autre méthode consiste à préparer des nanoparticules polymériques chargées en this compound à l’aide de techniques telles que la nanoprécipitation et l’évaporation solvant-émulsion .
Analyse Des Réactions Chimiques
Types de réactions : La nifédipine subit diverses réactions chimiques, notamment la réduction, l’oxydation et la substitution. Par exemple, elle peut être réduite à l’aide d’un système de zinc et d’acide chlorhydrique .
Réactifs et conditions courantes :
Réduction : Le zinc et l’acide chlorhydrique sont couramment utilisés pour la réduction de la this compound.
Principaux produits :
Réduction : La réduction de la this compound conduit à la formation d’un nouvel adduit azoïque.
Oxydation : L’oxydation aboutit à des dérivés de nitrosophénylpyridine.
4. Applications de la recherche scientifique
La this compound a un large éventail d’applications en recherche scientifique :
Comparaison Avec Des Composés Similaires
La nifédipine est souvent comparée à d’autres bloqueurs des canaux calciques tels que l’amlodipine, la nicardipine et la felodipine . Bien que tous ces composés partagent un mécanisme d’action similaire, la this compound est unique en raison de son début d’action rapide et de sa demi-vie plus courte . Cela la rend particulièrement utile pour la gestion des urgences hypertensives aiguës .
Composés similaires :
- Amlodipine
- Nicardipine
- Felodipine
- Isradipine
- Nimodipine
- Nitrendipine
- Lacidipine
Le profil pharmacocinétique distinct de la this compound et son efficacité dans le traitement d’une variété d’affections cardiovasculaires mettent en évidence son importance en thérapie médicale.
Propriétés
IUPAC Name |
dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate |
Source
|
|---|---|---|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI |
InChI=1S/C17H18N2O6/c1-9-13(16(20)24-3)15(14(10(2)18-9)17(21)25-4)11-7-5-6-8-12(11)19(22)23/h5-8,15,18H,1-4H3 |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI Key |
HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Canonical SMILES |
CC1=C(C(C(=C(N1)C)C(=O)OC)C2=CC=CC=C2[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)OC |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Molecular Formula |
C17H18N2O6 |
Source
|
| Record name | NIFEDIPINE | |
| Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
| URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20738 | |
| Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
| Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
| Record name | nifedipine | |
| Source | Wikipedia | |
| URL | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nifedipine | |
| Description | Chemical information link to Wikipedia. | |
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Related CAS |
60299-11-8 (mono-hydrochloride) |
Source
|
| Record name | Nifedipine [USAN:USP:INN:BAN:JAN] | |
| Source | ChemIDplus | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0021829254 | |
| Description | ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system. | |
DSSTOX Substance ID |
DTXSID2025715 |
Source
|
| Record name | Nifedipine | |
| Source | EPA DSSTox | |
| URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID2025715 | |
| Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
Molecular Weight |
346.3 g/mol |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Physical Description |
Nifedipine appears as odorless yellow crystals or powder. Tasteless. (NTP, 1992), Solid |
Source
|
| Record name | NIFEDIPINE | |
| Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
| URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20738 | |
| Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
| Explanation | CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. | |
| Record name | Nifedipine | |
| Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
| URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015247 | |
| Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
| Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
Solubility |
less than 1 mg/mL at 67.1 °F (NTP, 1992), Insoluble, Solubility at 20 °C (g/L): acetone 250, methylene chloride 160, chloroform 140, ethyl acetate 50, methanol 26, ethanol 17, In water, 1.7X10-5 mol/L = 5.9 mg/L at 25 °C, 1.77e-02 g/L |
Source
|
| Record name | NIFEDIPINE | |
| Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
| URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20738 | |
| Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
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| Record name | Nifedipine | |
| Source | DrugBank | |
| URL | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01115 | |
| Description | The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. | |
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| Record name | Nifedipine | |
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| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/7775 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
| Record name | Nifedipine | |
| Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
| URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015247 | |
| Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
| Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
Vapor Pressure |
2.6X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C |
Source
|
| Record name | Nifedipine | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/7775 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Mechanism of Action |
Nifedipine blocks voltage gated L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle and myocardial cells. This blockage prevents the entry of calcium ions into cells during depolarization, reducing peripheral arterial vascular resistance and dilating coronary arteries. These actions reduce blood pressure and increase the supply of oxygen to the heart, alleviating angina., The principal physiologic action of nifedipine is to inhibit the transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions across the membranes of myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, without changing serum calcium concentrations. Calcium plays important roles in the excitation-contraction coupling processes of the heart and vascular smooth muscle cells and in the electrical discharge of the specialized conduction cells of the heart. The membranes of these cells contain numerous channels that carry a slow inward current and that are selective for calcium. Activation of these slow calcium channels contributes to the plateau phase (phase 2) of the action potential of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells. The exact mechanism whereby nifedipine inhibits calcium ion influx across the slow calcium channels is not known, but the drug is thought to inhibit ion-control gating mechanisms of the channel, deform the slow channel, and/or interfere with release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. By inhibiting calcium influx, nifedipine inhibits the contractile processes of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, thereby dilating the main coronary and systemic arteries., Nifedipine is a peripheral arterial vasodilator which acts directly on vascular smooth muscle. The binding of nifedipine to voltage-dependent and possibly receptor-operated channels in vascular smooth muscle results in an inhibition of calcium influx through these channels. Stores of intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle are limited and thus dependent upon the influx of extracellular calcium for contraction to occur. The reduction in calcium influx by nifedipine causes arterial vasodilation and decreased peripheral vascular resistance which results in reduced arterial blood pressure. |
Source
|
| Record name | Nifedipine | |
| Source | DrugBank | |
| URL | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01115 | |
| Description | The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. | |
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| Record name | Nifedipine | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/7775 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Impurities |
Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2_nitrosophenyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, Methyl 2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)-3-oxobutanoate, Methyl 3-aminobut-2-enoate |
Source
|
| Record name | Nifedipine | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/7775 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Color/Form |
Yellow crystals | |
CAS No. |
21829-25-4, 193689-82-6, 915092-63-6 |
Source
|
| Record name | NIFEDIPINE | |
| Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
| URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20738 | |
| Description | CAMEO Chemicals is a chemical database designed for people who are involved in hazardous material incident response and planning. CAMEO Chemicals contains a library with thousands of datasheets containing response-related information and recommendations for hazardous materials that are commonly transported, used, or stored in the United States. CAMEO Chemicals was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Response and Restoration in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Emergency Management. | |
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| Record name | 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-, dimethyl ester, radical ion(1-) | |
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| Record name | Nifedipine | |
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| Description | CAS Common Chemistry is an open community resource for accessing chemical information. Nearly 500,000 chemical substances from CAS REGISTRY cover areas of community interest, including common and frequently regulated chemicals, and those relevant to high school and undergraduate chemistry classes. This chemical information, curated by our expert scientists, is provided in alignment with our mission as a division of the American Chemical Society. | |
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| Record name | Nifedipine [USAN:USP:INN:BAN:JAN] | |
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| Record name | Nifedipine | |
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| Record name | NIFEDIPINE | |
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| Record name | Nifedipine | |
| Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
| URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015247 | |
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Melting Point |
342 to 345 °F (NTP, 1992), 172-174 °C, 172 - 174 °C |
Source
|
| Record name | NIFEDIPINE | |
| Source | CAMEO Chemicals | |
| URL | https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/20738 | |
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| Record name | Nifedipine | |
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| Record name | Nifedipine | |
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| Record name | Nifedipine | |
| Source | Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) | |
| URL | http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015247 | |
| Description | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. | |
| Explanation | HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. | |
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Retrosynthesis Analysis
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| Top-N result to add to graph | 6 |
Feasible Synthetic Routes
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Veuillez noter que tous les articles et informations sur les produits présentés sur BenchChem sont destinés uniquement à des fins informatives. Les produits disponibles à l'achat sur BenchChem sont spécifiquement conçus pour des études in vitro, qui sont réalisées en dehors des organismes vivants. Les études in vitro, dérivées du terme latin "in verre", impliquent des expériences réalisées dans des environnements de laboratoire contrôlés à l'aide de cellules ou de tissus. Il est important de noter que ces produits ne sont pas classés comme médicaments et n'ont pas reçu l'approbation de la FDA pour la prévention, le traitement ou la guérison de toute condition médicale, affection ou maladie. Nous devons souligner que toute forme d'introduction corporelle de ces produits chez les humains ou les animaux est strictement interdite par la loi. Il est essentiel de respecter ces directives pour assurer la conformité aux normes légales et éthiques en matière de recherche et d'expérimentation.
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