Nystatin
概要
説明
準備方法
ナイスタチンは通常、水溶性有機溶媒を用いてストレプトマイセス・ノウセイの発酵液から抽出されます。 その後、化合物は精製され、結晶化されます . ナイスタチンの工業生産には、発酵、抽出、精製、結晶化を含む一連の工程が含まれ、高収率で高純度のナイスタチン結晶が得られます .
化学反応の分析
ナイスタチンは、酸化および還元を含む様々な化学反応を起こします。 この化合物は、カルボキシル基とアミノ基が存在するため両性です . 水には実質的に不溶性ですが、極性有機溶媒にはわずかに溶解します . ナイスタチンの溶解度は、水性有機系で増加し、30〜40％の水を含む溶液で最も高い溶解度を示します .
科学研究への応用
ナイスタチンは、化学、生物学、医学、および工業の分野で広く科学研究に使用されています。 医学では、口腔カンジダ症、腸カンジダ症、および肛門カンジダ症の治療に使用されます . また、外用剤として、外陰腟カンジダ症やその他の皮膚カンジダ感染症の治療にも使用されます . さらに、ナイスタチンは、他の薬物と組み合わせて混合感染症の治療にも使用されます . 科学研究では、ナイスタチンは、抗真菌剤が真菌細胞膜に及ぼす影響を研究し、真菌感染の分子メカニズムを調査するために使用されます .
科学的研究の応用
Nystatin is widely used in scientific research, particularly in the fields of chemistry, biology, medicine, and industry. In medicine, it is used to treat oral candidiasis, intestinal candidiasis, and anal candidiasis . It is also used topically for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis and other cutaneous candida infections . Additionally, this compound is used in combination with other drugs to treat mixed infections . In scientific research, this compound is used to study the effects of antifungal agents on fungal cell membranes and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of fungal infections .
作用機序
類似化合物との比較
ナイスタチンは、フルコナゾールやアムホテリシンBなどの他の抗真菌剤と比較されることがよくあります。 ナイスタチンは局所的な真菌感染症の治療に効果的ですが、非経口投与した場合に著しい毒性を示すため、全身投与には適していません . 一方、フルコナゾールは全身真菌感染症に効果的ですが、頭痛、吐き気、腹痛などの副作用を起こす可能性があります . アムホテリシンBは、構造的にナイスタチンと密接に関連しており、より広域な抗真菌活性を示しますが、毒性も高くなります . その他の類似化合物として、カンジダ属菌に対して有望な抗真菌活性を示している、新たに合成されたチアゾール誘導体が挙げられます .
ナイスタチンは、エルゴステロールに結合して真菌細胞膜を破壊するという独自の能力により、特に局所感染症の治療に有効な抗真菌剤となっています .
特性
IUPAC Name |
(1S,3R,4R,7R,9R,11R,15S,16R,17R,18S,19E,21E,25E,27E,29E,31E,33R,35S,36R,37S)-33-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,7,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,25,27,29,31-hexaene-36-carboxylic acid |
Source
|
|---|---|---|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI |
InChI=1S/C47H75NO17/c1-27-17-15-13-11-9-7-5-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-34(64-46-44(58)41(48)43(57)30(4)63-46)24-38-40(45(59)60)37(54)26-47(61,65-38)25-36(53)35(52)20-19-31(49)21-32(50)22-33(51)23-39(55)62-29(3)28(2)42(27)56/h5-6,8,10-18,27-38,40-44,46,49-54,56-58,61H,7,9,19-26,48H2,1-4H3,(H,59,60)/b6-5+,10-8+,13-11+,14-12+,17-15+,18-16+/t27-,28-,29-,30+,31+,32+,33+,34-,35+,36+,37-,38-,40+,41-,42+,43+,44-,46-,47+/m0/s1 |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI Key |
VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Canonical SMILES |
CC1C=CC=CCCC=CC=CC=CC=CC(CC2C(C(CC(O2)(CC(C(CCC(CC(CC(CC(=O)OC(C(C1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)N)O |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Isomeric SMILES |
C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/CC/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H]([C@@H](CC[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C)O)N)O |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Molecular Formula |
C47H75NO17 |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
DSSTOX Substance ID |
DTXSID80872323 |
Source
|
| Record name | (7R,10R)-8,9-Dideoxy-28,29-dihydro-7,10-dihydroxyamphotericin B | |
| Source | EPA DSSTox | |
| URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID80872323 | |
| Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
Molecular Weight |
926.1 g/mol |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Solubility |
MW: 926.12 /Form not specified/, Mg/ml at about 28 °C: methanol 11.2, ethanol 1.2, chloroform 0.48, carbon tetrachloride 1.23, benzene 0.28, toluene 0.285, acetone 0.390, ethyl acetate 0.75, ethylene glycol 8.75, Insol in ether, In water, 3.60X10+2 mg/L at 24 °C |
Source
|
| Record name | NYSTATIN | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/3138 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Mechanism of Action |
Nystatin exerts its antifungal activity by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane. The drug is not active against organisms (e.g., bacteria) that do not contain sterols in their cell membrane. As a result of this binding, the membrane is no longer able to function as a selective barrier, and potassium and other cellular constituents are lost., ... /Antimicrobial/ agents that act directly on the cell membrane of the microorganism, affecting permeability and leading to leakage of intracellular compounds; these include ... the polyene antifungal agents nystatin ... which bind to cell-wall sterols ... |
Source
|
| Record name | NYSTATIN | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/3138 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Color/Form |
Light yellow powder, Yellow to tan powder | |
CAS No. |
34786-70-4, 1400-61-9 |
Source
|
| Record name | Nystatin A1 | |
| Source | CAS Common Chemistry | |
| URL | https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=34786-70-4 | |
| Description | CAS Common Chemistry is an open community resource for accessing chemical information. Nearly 500,000 chemical substances from CAS REGISTRY cover areas of community interest, including common and frequently regulated chemicals, and those relevant to high school and undergraduate chemistry classes. This chemical information, curated by our expert scientists, is provided in alignment with our mission as a division of the American Chemical Society. | |
| Explanation | The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated. | |
| Record name | Nystatin A1 | |
| Source | ChemIDplus | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0034786704 | |
| Description | ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system. | |
| Record name | (7R,10R)-8,9-Dideoxy-28,29-dihydro-7,10-dihydroxyamphotericin B | |
| Source | EPA DSSTox | |
| URL | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID80872323 | |
| Description | DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology. | |
| Record name | Nystatin | |
| Source | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) | |
| URL | https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.014.317 | |
| Description | The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is an agency of the European Union which is the driving force among regulatory authorities in implementing the EU's groundbreaking chemicals legislation for the benefit of human health and the environment as well as for innovation and competitiveness. | |
| Explanation | Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page. | |
| Record name | NYSTATIN A1 | |
| Source | FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) | |
| URL | https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/W1LX4T91WI | |
| Description | The FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) enables the efficient and accurate exchange of information on what substances are in regulated products. Instead of relying on names, which vary across regulatory domains, countries, and regions, the GSRS knowledge base makes it possible for substances to be defined by standardized, scientific descriptions. | |
| Explanation | Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required. | |
| Record name | NYSTATIN | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/3138 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Melting Point |
Gradually decomp above 160 °C without melting by 250 °C |
Source
|
| Record name | NYSTATIN | |
| Source | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/3138 | |
| Description | The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. | |
Retrosynthesis Analysis
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Strategy Settings
| Precursor scoring | Relevance Heuristic |
|---|---|
| Min. plausibility | 0.01 |
| Model | Template_relevance |
| Template Set | Pistachio/Bkms_metabolic/Pistachio_ringbreaker/Reaxys/Reaxys_biocatalysis |
| Top-N result to add to graph | 6 |
Feasible Synthetic Routes
試験管内研究製品の免責事項と情報
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