molecular formula C23H27ClO7 B1684318 Empagliflozine CAS No. 864070-44-0

Empagliflozine

Numéro de catalogue: B1684318
Numéro CAS: 864070-44-0
Poids moléculaire: 450.9 g/mol
Clé InChI: OBWASQILIWPZMG-QZMOQZSNSA-N
Attention: Uniquement pour un usage de recherche. Non destiné à un usage humain ou vétérinaire.
En stock
  • Cliquez sur DEMANDE RAPIDE pour recevoir un devis de notre équipe d'experts.
  • Avec des produits de qualité à un prix COMPÉTITIF, vous pouvez vous concentrer davantage sur votre recherche.

Description

L'empagliflozine est un médicament oral utilisé principalement pour gérer le diabète de type 2. Il appartient à la classe des médicaments appelés inhibiteurs du cotransporteur sodium-glucose 2 (SGLT2). En inhibant le SGLT2, l'this compound réduit la réabsorption du glucose dans les reins, ce qui entraîne une augmentation de l'excrétion du glucose dans les urines. Cela aide à abaisser le taux de sucre dans le sang chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2 .

Mécanisme D'action

Target of Action

Empagliflozin primarily targets the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) . SGLT2 is the predominant transporter responsible for the reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulation . It is primarily located in the kidney and plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis .

Mode of Action

Empagliflozin acts as an inhibitor of SGLT2 . By inhibiting SGLT2, empagliflozin prevents glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, thereby increasing the amount of glucose excreted in the urine . This leads to a reduction in blood glucose levels, which is beneficial for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus .

Biochemical Pathways

Empagliflozin’s action on SGLT2 affects several biochemical pathways. One of the key pathways involves the NLRP3 inflammasome and MyD88-related pathways . Inhibition of these pathways by empagliflozin has been associated with anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic effects . Additionally, empagliflozin has been shown to impact pathways related to cardiomyocyte contraction/relaxation, iron handling, and other metabolic and renal targets .

Result of Action

Empagliflozin has several molecular and cellular effects. It has been shown to ameliorate myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling, cardiomyocyte stiffness, and concentric hypertrophy . Additionally, empagliflozin has been found to inhibit microglia activation and neuroinflammation resulting from injury . It also improves pancreatic beta-cell function by reducing pancreatic beta-cell burden and glucotoxicity .

Action Environment

The action of empagliflozin can be influenced by various environmental factors. For instance, renal function can impact the efficacy of empagliflozin, as its mechanism of action is contingent on the renal excretion of glucose . Therefore, empagliflozin may be held in cases of acute kidney injury . Furthermore, the drug’s blood pressure-lowering effects have been associated with its action in non-diabetic hypertensive rats .

Méthodes De Préparation

Voies de synthèse et conditions de réaction : L'empagliflozine est synthétisée par un procédé en plusieurs étapes impliquant plusieurs intermédiaires clés. Une voie de synthèse courante comprend les étapes suivantes :

Méthodes de production industrielle : La production industrielle d'this compound implique généralement une synthèse à grande échelle utilisant des conditions de réaction optimisées pour assurer un rendement élevé et une pureté élevée. Le processus comprend :

Analyse Des Réactions Chimiques

Types de réactions : L'empagliflozine subit diverses réactions chimiques, notamment :

Réactifs et conditions courants :

Principaux produits formés :

4. Applications de la recherche scientifique

L'this compound a un large éventail d'applications de recherche scientifique, notamment :

5. Mécanisme d'action

L'this compound exerce ses effets en inhibant le cotransporteur sodium-glucose 2 (SGLT2) dans les reins. Cette inhibition réduit la réabsorption du glucose du filtrat glomérulaire, ce qui entraîne une augmentation de l'excrétion du glucose dans les urines. La réduction du taux de glucose dans le sang aide à gérer le diabète de type 2. De plus, l'this compound s'est avérée avoir des effets cardioprotecteurs et néphroprotecteurs, qui seraient liés à des mécanismes tels que la réduction du stress oxydatif et l'amélioration de la fonction endothéliale .

Comparaison Avec Des Composés Similaires

L'empagliflozine fait partie de la classe des médicaments inhibiteurs du SGLT2. D'autres composés similaires dans cette classe comprennent :

Unicité de l'this compound : L'this compound est unique par sa haute sélectivité pour le SGLT2 par rapport au SGLT1, ce qui contribue à son efficacité et à son profil de sécurité. Il a également été démontré qu'il avait des avantages cardiovasculaires et rénaux importants, ce qui en fait une option précieuse pour les patients atteints de diabète de type 2 et de comorbidités .

Propriétés

IUPAC Name

(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

InChI

InChI=1S/C23H27ClO7/c24-18-6-3-14(23-22(28)21(27)20(26)19(11-25)31-23)10-15(18)9-13-1-4-16(5-2-13)30-17-7-8-29-12-17/h1-6,10,17,19-23,25-28H,7-9,11-12H2/t17-,19+,20+,21-,22+,23-/m0/s1
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

InChI Key

OBWASQILIWPZMG-QZMOQZSNSA-N
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

Canonical SMILES

C1COCC1OC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3=C(C=CC(=C3)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)Cl
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

Isomeric SMILES

C1COC[C@H]1OC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3=C(C=CC(=C3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)Cl
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

Molecular Formula

C23H27ClO7
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

DSSTOX Substance ID

DTXSID601026093
Record name Empagliflozin
Source EPA DSSTox
URL https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID601026093
Description DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology.

Molecular Weight

450.9 g/mol
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

Mechanism of Action

The vast majority of glucose filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed within the proximal tubule, primarily via SGLT2 (sodium-glucose linked co-transporter-2) which is responsible for ~90% of the total glucose reabsorption within the kidneys. Na+/K+-ATPase on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells utilize ATP to actively pump Na+ ions into the interstitium surrounding the tubule, establishing a Na+ gradient within the tubular cell. SGLT2 on the apical membrane of these cells then utilize this gradient to facilitate secondary active co-transport of both Na+ and glucose out of the filtrate, thereby reabsorbing glucose back into the blood – inhibiting this co-transport, then, allows for a marked increase in glucosuria and decrease in blood glucose levels. Empagliflozin is a potent inhibitor of renal SGLT2 transporters located in the proximal tubules of the kidneys and works to lower blood glucose levels via an increase in glucosuria. Empagliflozin also appears to exert cardiovascular benefits - specifically in the prevention of heart failure - independent of its blood glucose-lowering effects, though the exact mechanism of this benefit is not precisely understood. Several theories have been posited, including the potential inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) 1 in the myocardium and NHE3 in the proximal tubule, reduction of pre-load via diuretic/natriuretic effects and reduction of blood pressure, prevention of cardiac fibrosis via suppression of pro-fibrotic markers, and reduction of pro-inflammatory adipokines.
Record name Empagliflozin
Source DrugBank
URL https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB09038
Description The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.
Explanation Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)

CAS No.

864070-44-0
Record name Empagliflozin
Source CAS Common Chemistry
URL https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=864070-44-0
Description CAS Common Chemistry is an open community resource for accessing chemical information. Nearly 500,000 chemical substances from CAS REGISTRY cover areas of community interest, including common and frequently regulated chemicals, and those relevant to high school and undergraduate chemistry classes. This chemical information, curated by our expert scientists, is provided in alignment with our mission as a division of the American Chemical Society.
Explanation The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
Record name Empagliflozin [USAN:INN]
Source ChemIDplus
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0864070440
Description ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system.
Record name Empagliflozin
Source DrugBank
URL https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB09038
Description The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.
Explanation Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)
Record name Empagliflozin
Source EPA DSSTox
URL https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID601026093
Description DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology.
Record name (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(4-chloro-3-(4-((S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)benzyl)phenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
Source European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
URL https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals
Description The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is an agency of the European Union which is the driving force among regulatory authorities in implementing the EU's groundbreaking chemicals legislation for the benefit of human health and the environment as well as for innovation and competitiveness.
Explanation Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
Record name EMPAGLIFLOZIN
Source FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
URL https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/HDC1R2M35U
Description The FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) enables the efficient and accurate exchange of information on what substances are in regulated products. Instead of relying on names, which vary across regulatory domains, countries, and regions, the GSRS knowledge base makes it possible for substances to be defined by standardized, scientific descriptions.
Explanation Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.

Retrosynthesis Analysis

AI-Powered Synthesis Planning: Our tool employs the Template_relevance Pistachio, Template_relevance Bkms_metabolic, Template_relevance Pistachio_ringbreaker, Template_relevance Reaxys, Template_relevance Reaxys_biocatalysis model, leveraging a vast database of chemical reactions to predict feasible synthetic routes.

One-Step Synthesis Focus: Specifically designed for one-step synthesis, it provides concise and direct routes for your target compounds, streamlining the synthesis process.

Accurate Predictions: Utilizing the extensive PISTACHIO, BKMS_METABOLIC, PISTACHIO_RINGBREAKER, REAXYS, REAXYS_BIOCATALYSIS database, our tool offers high-accuracy predictions, reflecting the latest in chemical research and data.

Strategy Settings

Precursor scoring Relevance Heuristic
Min. plausibility 0.01
Model Template_relevance
Template Set Pistachio/Bkms_metabolic/Pistachio_ringbreaker/Reaxys/Reaxys_biocatalysis
Top-N result to add to graph 6

Feasible Synthetic Routes

Reactant of Route 1
Reactant of Route 1
Empagliflozin
Reactant of Route 2
Empagliflozin
Reactant of Route 3
Empagliflozin
Reactant of Route 4
Reactant of Route 4
Empagliflozin
Reactant of Route 5
Reactant of Route 5
Empagliflozin
Reactant of Route 6
Reactant of Route 6
Empagliflozin

Avertissement et informations sur les produits de recherche in vitro

Veuillez noter que tous les articles et informations sur les produits présentés sur BenchChem sont destinés uniquement à des fins informatives. Les produits disponibles à l'achat sur BenchChem sont spécifiquement conçus pour des études in vitro, qui sont réalisées en dehors des organismes vivants. Les études in vitro, dérivées du terme latin "in verre", impliquent des expériences réalisées dans des environnements de laboratoire contrôlés à l'aide de cellules ou de tissus. Il est important de noter que ces produits ne sont pas classés comme médicaments et n'ont pas reçu l'approbation de la FDA pour la prévention, le traitement ou la guérison de toute condition médicale, affection ou maladie. Nous devons souligner que toute forme d'introduction corporelle de ces produits chez les humains ou les animaux est strictement interdite par la loi. Il est essentiel de respecter ces directives pour assurer la conformité aux normes légales et éthiques en matière de recherche et d'expérimentation.