molecular formula C23H27ClO7 B1684318 Empagliflozina CAS No. 864070-44-0

Empagliflozina

Número de catálogo: B1684318
Número CAS: 864070-44-0
Peso molecular: 450.9 g/mol
Clave InChI: OBWASQILIWPZMG-QZMOQZSNSA-N
Atención: Solo para uso de investigación. No para uso humano o veterinario.
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Descripción

Empagliflozina es un medicamento oral utilizado principalmente para controlar la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Pertenece a la clase de medicamentos conocidos como inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa 2 (SGLT2). Al inhibir el SGLT2, la this compound reduce la reabsorción de glucosa en los riñones, lo que lleva a una mayor excreción de glucosa a través de la orina. Esto ayuda a reducir los niveles de azúcar en sangre en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 .

Mecanismo De Acción

La empagliflozina ejerce sus efectos inhibiendo el cotransportador de sodio-glucosa 2 (SGLT2) en los riñones. Esta inhibición reduce la reabsorción de glucosa del filtrado glomerular, lo que lleva a una mayor excreción de glucosa a través de la orina. La reducción de los niveles de glucosa en sangre ayuda a controlar la diabetes tipo 2. Además, se ha demostrado que la this compound tiene efectos cardioprotectores y nefoprotectores, que se cree que están mediados por mecanismos como la reducción del estrés oxidativo y la mejora de la función endotelial .

Métodos De Preparación

Rutas sintéticas y condiciones de reacción: La empagliflozina se sintetiza a través de un proceso de varios pasos que involucra varios intermediarios clave. Una ruta sintética común involucra los siguientes pasos:

Métodos de producción industrial: La producción industrial de this compound normalmente involucra la síntesis a gran escala utilizando condiciones de reacción optimizadas para garantizar un alto rendimiento y pureza. El proceso incluye:

Análisis De Reacciones Químicas

Tipos de reacciones: La empagliflozina se somete a varias reacciones químicas, que incluyen:

Reactivos y condiciones comunes:

Principales productos formados:

Comparación Con Compuestos Similares

La empagliflozina forma parte de la clase de medicamentos inhibidores del SGLT2. Otros compuestos similares en esta clase incluyen:

Singularidad de la this compound: La this compound es única en su alta selectividad para el SGLT2 sobre el SGLT1, lo que contribuye a su perfil de eficacia y seguridad. También se ha demostrado que tiene beneficios cardiovasculares y renales significativos, lo que la convierte en una opción valiosa para pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedades concomitantes .

Propiedades

IUPAC Name

(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

InChI

InChI=1S/C23H27ClO7/c24-18-6-3-14(23-22(28)21(27)20(26)19(11-25)31-23)10-15(18)9-13-1-4-16(5-2-13)30-17-7-8-29-12-17/h1-6,10,17,19-23,25-28H,7-9,11-12H2/t17-,19+,20+,21-,22+,23-/m0/s1
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

InChI Key

OBWASQILIWPZMG-QZMOQZSNSA-N
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

Canonical SMILES

C1COCC1OC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3=C(C=CC(=C3)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)Cl
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

Isomeric SMILES

C1COC[C@H]1OC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3=C(C=CC(=C3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)Cl
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

Molecular Formula

C23H27ClO7
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

DSSTOX Substance ID

DTXSID601026093
Record name Empagliflozin
Source EPA DSSTox
URL https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID601026093
Description DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology.

Molecular Weight

450.9 g/mol
Source PubChem
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Description Data deposited in or computed by PubChem

Mechanism of Action

The vast majority of glucose filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed within the proximal tubule, primarily via SGLT2 (sodium-glucose linked co-transporter-2) which is responsible for ~90% of the total glucose reabsorption within the kidneys. Na+/K+-ATPase on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells utilize ATP to actively pump Na+ ions into the interstitium surrounding the tubule, establishing a Na+ gradient within the tubular cell. SGLT2 on the apical membrane of these cells then utilize this gradient to facilitate secondary active co-transport of both Na+ and glucose out of the filtrate, thereby reabsorbing glucose back into the blood – inhibiting this co-transport, then, allows for a marked increase in glucosuria and decrease in blood glucose levels. Empagliflozin is a potent inhibitor of renal SGLT2 transporters located in the proximal tubules of the kidneys and works to lower blood glucose levels via an increase in glucosuria. Empagliflozin also appears to exert cardiovascular benefits - specifically in the prevention of heart failure - independent of its blood glucose-lowering effects, though the exact mechanism of this benefit is not precisely understood. Several theories have been posited, including the potential inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) 1 in the myocardium and NHE3 in the proximal tubule, reduction of pre-load via diuretic/natriuretic effects and reduction of blood pressure, prevention of cardiac fibrosis via suppression of pro-fibrotic markers, and reduction of pro-inflammatory adipokines.
Record name Empagliflozin
Source DrugBank
URL https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB09038
Description The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.
Explanation Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)

CAS No.

864070-44-0
Record name Empagliflozin
Source CAS Common Chemistry
URL https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=864070-44-0
Description CAS Common Chemistry is an open community resource for accessing chemical information. Nearly 500,000 chemical substances from CAS REGISTRY cover areas of community interest, including common and frequently regulated chemicals, and those relevant to high school and undergraduate chemistry classes. This chemical information, curated by our expert scientists, is provided in alignment with our mission as a division of the American Chemical Society.
Explanation The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
Record name Empagliflozin [USAN:INN]
Source ChemIDplus
URL https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0864070440
Description ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system.
Record name Empagliflozin
Source DrugBank
URL https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB09038
Description The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.
Explanation Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)
Record name Empagliflozin
Source EPA DSSTox
URL https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID601026093
Description DSSTox provides a high quality public chemistry resource for supporting improved predictive toxicology.
Record name (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(4-chloro-3-(4-((S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)benzyl)phenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
Source European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
URL https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals
Description The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is an agency of the European Union which is the driving force among regulatory authorities in implementing the EU's groundbreaking chemicals legislation for the benefit of human health and the environment as well as for innovation and competitiveness.
Explanation Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
Record name EMPAGLIFLOZIN
Source FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
URL https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/HDC1R2M35U
Description The FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) enables the efficient and accurate exchange of information on what substances are in regulated products. Instead of relying on names, which vary across regulatory domains, countries, and regions, the GSRS knowledge base makes it possible for substances to be defined by standardized, scientific descriptions.
Explanation Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required.

Retrosynthesis Analysis

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Strategy Settings

Precursor scoring Relevance Heuristic
Min. plausibility 0.01
Model Template_relevance
Template Set Pistachio/Bkms_metabolic/Pistachio_ringbreaker/Reaxys/Reaxys_biocatalysis
Top-N result to add to graph 6

Feasible Synthetic Routes

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